Wastewater as a resource
Outflow channels carry recycled effluent water from Bolivar Treatment Plant to pumping station for irrigation
Image Credit: Rinder, G. (CSIRO)(2007)
Human excreta and wastewater contain useful materials. These are water, organic carbon and nutrients and should be seen as a resource. In their natural cycles, they are broken down by microorganisms and become available to plants and animals and thus sustaining natural ecosystems. When disposed improperly, these substances can cause pollution, because the organic materials exert oxygen demand and the nutrients promote algal growth in lakes, rivers and near-shore marine environments. Human excreta and wastewater also contain pathogens. Reuse of the wastes must ensure that public health is maintained. Planned reuse is the key to wastewater reuse. Planning for reuse ensures that public health and protection of the environment are taken into account. (UNEP 2000)
Possible ways to reuse wastewater from off-site treatment plants are listed below:
Wastewater reuse for agriculture