Department of Earth Sciences
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Research projects and mission participation
The Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing Group participates in the following space missions of ESA and NASA and is funded within the framework of the national space program by the National Space Administration with means of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action. Other projects are funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the European Research Council (ERC).
Current Projects
DIVERSE (DIVerse Exoplanet Redox State Estimations)
project term: 2023 - 2028
The “DIVERSE” project will focus on "Class X planets", which have a strongly reduced interior chemistry. The result would be an atmosphere that was formed by volcanic outgassing, but one which would look quite different to that of Earth or its neighboring planets. These planets would then more closely resemble ice giants like Neptune, where atmospheres are formed from the accretion disc during the creation of planets and are thus dominated by hydrogen and helium.
LRAD (Lunar RADiometer)
How cold does it actually get at the south lunar pole, is it cold enough for ice? With the return of manned spaceflight to the moon, such questions are becoming increasingly relevant. Ice is stable at temperatures below 110 K, even in a vacuum, and is a valuable resource for the Artemis astronauts. LRAD will be travelling to the region around the lunar south pole with the commercial IM-2 mission to investigate temperatures in permanently shadowed craters in search of ice.
PLATO (PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars)
project term: 2014 - 2026
Does a second Earth exist in the Universe? Planet hunter Plato will focus on the properties of rocky planets orbiting Sun-like stars. In particular, Plato will discover and characterise planets in orbits up to the habitable zone – the ‘goldilocks’ region around a star where the temperature is just right for liquid water to exist on a planet’s surface.
Koregistrierung
In the framework of the “Koregistrierung” project, large-volume single images are automatically combined into coherent global image and topography models of planetary surfaces. The often existing inadequate positional accuracy of the image data is to be corrected by coregistration to other data sets.
Due to the large, heterogeneous data volumes, new methods from the field of artificial intelligence will be applied to enable processing by means of automated procedures.
Habitat-OASIS
project term: Feb 01, 2017 — Apr 30, 2023
The ERC-funded project 'Habitability of Oceans and Aqueous Systems on Icy Satellites' (Habitat-OASIS) will mainly focus on investigations of the icy moons Enceladus at Saturn and Europa at Jupiter, which both have a very high astrobiological potential. Data from Enceladus was collected with the Cosmic Dust Analyzer experiment during the Cassini Mission until 2017. A future mission to Europa will carry a similar experiment to explore the subsurface ocean of the Jovian moon.
SPP 1883: Building a Habitable Earth
project term: Jan 01, 2015 — Aug 06 2022
Over a period of 6 years, DFG is funding research projects within its SPP framework (DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm) "Building a Habitable Earth". The SPP will contribute to the still open question how Earth became the only known habitable planet.
In a concerted approach the SPP will address this eminent issue by involving different earth science disciplines like geology, geochemistry, planetology, cosmochemistry, geobiology and geophysical modelling.
SPP 1992: Exploring the diversity of extrasolar planets
project term: Jan 01, 2021 - Aug 31, 2024 (2nd funding period)
The SPP 1992 addresses the diversity and complexity of exoplanets. It links observational methods for planet detection and characterization with theory and modeling.
Interplanetary and Interstellar Dust
The composition of interstellar dust in our Solar System was analyzed in situ by the Cassini spacecraft with the Cosmic Dust Analyzer. For the future mission Destiny+ by JAXA a similar dust analyzer is being developed at the moment to conduct flyby exploration of an asteroid known to be a parent body of a meteor shower.
Dust in Saturn's Ring System
The composition of Saturn’s rings as well as mineral dust at Saturn was determined with the Cosmic Dust Analyzer (CDA), which is the only German instrument on-board the Cassini spacecraft. The project focuses mainly on the investigation of Saturn's E ring, as well as on exogenic mineral dust that does not stem from Saturn’s ring system.
Image Credits
DIVERSE_projectpic
Image Credit: —
LRAD
Image Credit: —
PLATO_projectpic
Image Credit: ESA
Logo Koregistrierung
Image Credit: —
Enceladus plume
Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
SPP1883_projectpic1
Image Credit: Wikimedia (https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:970525-Damavand-IMG_6598-2.jpg)
SPP1992
Image Credit: SPP 1992 Exoplanet Diversity / Nico Bartmann
cosmic dust
Image Credit: Hope Ishii/University of Hawaii (dust particle); NASA/JPL (CDA instrument)
saturn
Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Finished Projects
HRSC on Mars Express
project term: Jan 01, 2020 — Nov 30, 2022
Mars Express is the first European mission to Mars. Since its arrival in 2003, the experiments aboard the spacecraft have provided important clues on surface geology and morphology, the subsurface, the atmosphere, the history of water and the question of life.
One experiment on the spacecraft is the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) which aims at global multispectral and three-dimensional coverage of the Martian surface with a resolution of up to 10 meters per pixel.
Dawn Mission
project term: Nov 01, 2015 — Aug 31, 2020
From 2007 until 2018 the US space probe Dawn was on its mission to explore the small bodies Vesta and Ceres in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The NASA-mission aimed at investigating the formation and evolution of these bodies to find clues to the solar system’s early history. In July 2011 Dawn arrived at its first target, the asteroid Vesta. For one year, the probe collected scientific data of Vesta before going on a journey for two and a half years to its second mission object, the dwarf planet Ceres.
Cassini-Huygens Mission
project term: Jul 01, 2015 — Dec 31, 2019
Journeys to planets and moons of the Outer Solar System always pose a great challenge to space-mission design and conduct. Within the framework of the Cassini-Huygens mission US and European space agencies jointly succeeded in sending a probe and a lander to the Saturnian system, over 1 billion kilometers away. From 2004 until 2017, instruments aboard the Cassini spacecraft continuously collected scientific data. Thousands of stunning images have to be processed and interpreted now. Scientists of the Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing Group were involved in the Cassini camera experiment, the Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS).
Collaborative Research Centre Transregio-170
project term: Jan 01, 2016 — Dec 31, 2019
In the Collaborative Research Centre „Late Accretion onto Terrestrial Planets“, scientists from five institutions (Freie Universität Berlin, Technische Universität Berlin, University of Münster, German Aerospace Center, Museum für Naturkunde) investigated the late accretion history of planetary bodies in the inner solar system from 4.5 to 3.8 billion years ago.
iMars webGIS
project term: Jan 01, 2014 — Mar 31, 2017
The iMars project focuses on developing a user platform for Mars surface science, consisting of a consistent set of data products of Mars from the 1970s to the present day. The concept aims to generate a webGIS using imaging data from NASA and ESA missions; including specific tools for producing, exploring and analyzing data products for studies of surface changes over time.
TRR170: Late Accretion onto Terrestrial Planets
project term: Jan 01, 2020 - Dec 31, 2023 (2nd funding period)
The major theme of the collaborative research centre TRR 170 'Late Accretion onto Terrestrial Planets' is to understand the late growth history of the terrestrial planets, from the last giant collisions with Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos to the subsequent late bombardment with smaller objects.
Planetary X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer
project term: Apr 01, 2013 — Sep 30, 2015
The US Apollo- and the Russian Luna-missions returned hundreds of kilograms of surface rocks from the Moon to the Earth which have been used for detailed rock analysis. We therefore have high-precision geochemical information from very few locations on the Moon, whereas information about the rest of the Moon's surface is sparse. The main objective of developing a planetary X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) is the design of an experiment that allows us to precisely determine the geochemical composition of rocky surfaces from orbit.
HGF Helmholtz Alliance
project term: Apr 01, 2008 — Mar 31, 2013
The Helmholtz Alliance “Planetary Evolution and Life” under the coordinative direction of the DLR Institute of Planetary Research in Berlin-Adlershof examines the correlation between life and the formation and evolution of planets in our solar system. The focus of studies is planet Mars, which is investigated from its interior to its atmosphere.
Image Credits
mex
Image Credit: ESA
dawn
Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
cassini
Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
moon
Image Credit: Dylan O’Donnell (Web)
imarsWebGIS_adjusted
Image Credit: ESA/iMars (UCL/FUB/EPFL/UNOTT/UoS)
TRR170
Image Credit: www.earthspacecircle.blogspot.de
XRF Entwicklungen
Image Credit: Freie Universität Berlin
HGF Helmholtz-Allianz
Image Credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (G. Neukum)