Department of Earth Sciences

At the Institute of Geological Sciences there is no overarching citation style for all disciplines. The citation style is defined within the individual sub-disciplines and in the respective research groups. For example, the citation style of the Earth and Planetary Science Letters (EPSL) is recommended for theses in the geochemistry research group. You can find an overview of various citation examples below as well as in this guide from Citationsy.

To manage your literature, we recommend literature management programmes such as Citavi (in German), EndNote (free of charge for FU members, in German) and Zotero (free of charge for everyone).

>> Tip: Do you use Zotero? Then download the Zotero citation style "Earth and Planetary Science Letters (EPSL)" here!

Frequently asked questions

 1. Do I have to cite my source again after each sentence? Or is a citation at the end of the paragraph sufficient?
 2. What if there is no suitable citation template for my source?

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Citation examples

Short reference (in the text)

Case	Example
1 Author	(Lee, 2022)
2 Authors	(Roy & Smith, 2015)
3 or more authors	(Martin et al., 2018)
With page reference	(Lee 2022, S. 86-87) Note: A page reference is required for direct quotations.
Corporate body	(Statistisches Bundesamt, 2012)
Corporate body (with abbreviation)	First reference: (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales [BMAS], 2016) Afterwards: (BMAS, 2016)
Narrative citation	"Hochstenbach and Musterd (2021) demonstrate in their study, how [...]" Note: In the case of so-called "narrative citations", the author's name and, if applicable, the year are part of the continuous text.

Full reference (in the bibliography)

1. Monograph

Author*s, year of publication. title of the monograph. subtitle (if applicable). edition (if not first edition) publisher, place(s) of publication. DOI or URL (if applicable)

Strunk JR., W., White, E.B., 2000. The Elements of Style, fourth ed. Longman, New York.

Vannini, P., 2024. Mobilities in remote places. Routledge, Milton. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003321163

1.1. Monograph (part of a series)

Author*s, year of publication. title of the monograph. subtitle (title of the series and the volume number, if applicable). edition (if not first edition) publisher, place(s) of publication. DOI or URL (if applicable)

Smith, M. J., Paron, P. & Griffith, J. S., 2011. Geomorphological mapping. Methods and application (Developments in Earth surface processes 15) Elsevier, Amsterdam.

2. Edited volumes (several contributions from different authors collected in one book)

Editor*s (Ed.), year of publication. title of the edited volume. subtitle (title of the series and the volume number, if applicable). edition (if not first edition) publisher, place(s) of publication. DOI or URL (if applicable)

Glatter, J. & Mießner, M. (Hrsg.) (2021): Gentrifizierung und Verdrängung. Aktuelle theoretische, methodische und politische Herausforderungen (Interdisziplinäre Wohnungsforschung 3) Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783839455821

Note: Complete edited volumes are rarely cited. It is more common to cite only the essay that you have used. See the next example.

2.1. Essay from an edited volumes

Author*s, year of publication. title of the essay. subtitle (if applicable), in: Editor*s (Ed.), title of the edited volume. subtitle (title of the series and the volume number, if applicable). edition (if not first edition) publisher, place(s) of publication, page numbers of the essay. DOI or URL (if applicable)

Üblacker, J., 2021. Der Gentrifizierungseffekt. Situationslogik der Aufwertung von Wohngebieten, in: Glatter, J. & Mießner, M. (Hrsg.), Gentrifizierung und Verdrängung. Aktuelle theoretische, methodische und politische Herausforderungen (Interdisziplinäre Wohnungsforschung 3). Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld, S. 187-208. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783839455821

3. Article from a journal

Author*s, year of publication. title of the essay. subtitle (if applicable). journal title. year (issue number if applicable), page numbers of the article. DOI or URL (if applicable)

Carmalt, J. C., 2018. For critical geographies of human rights. Progress in Human Geography. 42 (6), S. 847-861. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132517723720

Van Der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2010. The art of writing a scientific article. J. Sci. Commun. 163, 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372

4. Internet address (resp. website)

Author*s, year of publication. title of the site. subtitle (if applicable). URL (access date).

Kronauer, M., 2018. Gentrifizierung: Ursachen, Formen und Folgen. https://www.bpb.de/themen/stadt-land/stadt-und-gesellschaft/216871/gentrifizierung-ursachen-formen-und-folgen/ (accessed 07 February 2024)

Statistics Canada, 2018. Freshwater in Canada. A look at Canada's freshwater resources from 1971 to 2013. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-627-m/11-627-m2018011-eng.htm (accessed 07 February 2024)

Note: A corporate body can be considered an author.

5. Map

Author*s, year of publication. title of the map. subtitle (if applicable). type of map. scale. edition. place. DOI or URL (if applicable)

Landesvermessungsamt Sachsen, 2000. Hohnstein-Ulbersdorf. Blatt 5051-NW. Topographische Karte. 1:10.000. 2. Auflage. Dresden.

6. University publication

Author*s, year of publication. title of the university publication. subtitle (if applicable). type of university publication. place of publication, university. total number of pages. DOI or URL (if applicable)

McLaughlin, F., 2014. Using regional flow regime classes to identify flow anomalies in a set of Canadian rivers regulated by dams. Dissertation. Montreal, McGill University. 130 S. https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/r494vp21q?locale=en

7. Online report

Author*s, year of publication. title of the report. subtitle (if applicable). edition (if not first edition). place(s) of publication, editing corporate body. total number of pages. DOI or URL (if applicable)

Abu Oudeh, A., 2023. The two-state solution and its dual significance for the Palestinian people and the Hashemite kingdom of Jordan. 2. Auflage. Amman, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Jordan & Iraq. 18 S. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/amman/20929.pdf

8. Dataset

[data set] Author*s, year of publication. title of the data set. subtitle (version) (if applicable). place(s) of publication, editing corporate body. DOI or URL if applicable)

[data set] Jingting, F., 2019. Replication data for: Internal Geography, Labor Mobility, and the Distributional Impacts of Trade (Version V1). OpenICPSR. https://doi.org/10.3886/E116401V1

[data set] Oguro, M., Imahiro, S., Saito, S., Nakashizuka, T., 2015. Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt disease and surrounding forest compositions. Mendeley Data, v1. https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1

9. Software

Author*s, year of publication. title of the data set. subtitle (version) (if applicable). place(s) of publication, editing corporate body. DOI or URL if applicable)

Coon, E., Berndt, M., Jan, A., Svyatsky, D., Atchley, A., Kikinzon, E., Harp, D., Manzini, G., Shelef, E., Lipnikov, K., Garimella, R., Xu, C., Moulton, D., Karra, S., Painter, S., Jafarov, E., & Molins, S., 2020. Advanced Terrestrial Simulator (ATS) v0.88 (Version 0.88). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3727209